| Children's exposures to boron and biocides from slime products in Asian regions | |
|---|---|
| 년도 | 2022 |
| 날짜 | Jan |
| 페이지 / 학회지명 |
32(1):103-111 / Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology |
| 논문저자 | Miyoung Lim 1, Sooyoung Guak 2, Nam Yong Cheong 3, Yoon Chae Song 3, Kin-Fai Ho 4, Satoshi Nakai 5, Shih-Chun Candice Lung 6, Kraichat Tantrakarnapa 7, Kiyoung Lee 8 9 |
| Link |
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-021-00321-9
278회 연결
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1 Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. 2 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. 3 Korea Apparel Testing and Research Institute, Anyang, South Korea. 4 JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 5 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan. 6 Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. 7 Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 8 Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. cleanair@snu.ac.kr. 9 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. cleanair@snu.ac.kr. Abstract Background: Chemical exposure from slime toys can cause potential health effects. Although slime toys are popular in Asia, the regulation of boron, chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT), and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) in these toys has been implemented only in Korea. Objective: In this study, we investigated boron migration levels and CMIT and MIT concentrations in 127 slime products from Asian cities and estimated children's exposure to boron and the biocides in Korea. Methods: Slime boron migration levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), according to Part 3 of the European Standard on the safety of toys (EN 71-3:2013). CMIT and MIT concentrations were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Exposure doses of boron, CMIT, and MIT were calculated using the exposure pattern of children slime users in Korea. Results: Average boron migration levels of the slime products in Seoul, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Taipei, and Yokohama were 691.9, 851.1, 806.6, 509.0, and 956.2 mg/kg, respectively. Of the 127 slime products tested, 70.1% exceeded the EU boron migration limit of 300 mg/kg for toys made with sticky material. Boron migration levels in slime products in Korea did not differ significantly by manufacturing date, although the Korean boron regulations were enacted in January 2019. CMIT and MIT were detected from 51.2% and 36.2% of all products, respectively, and tended to be detected simultaneously. Exposure doses of boron, CMIT, and MIT were highest among infants. Significance: Oral exposure was the most important for boron exposure. It is necessary to manage boron level in slime products and minimize exposure from hand to mouth action in infants. Keywords: Boron; CMIT; Children; Hand-to-mouth; MIT; Slime. |
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