| Exposure to organophosphate esters, phthalates, and alternative plasticizers in association with uterine fibroids | |
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| 년도 | 2020 |
| 날짜 | 2020 Oct |
| 페이지 / 학회지명 |
189, 109874 / Environmental Research |
| 논문저자 | Gowoon Lee 1, Sunmi Kim 1, Michiel Bastiaensen 2, Govindan Malarvannan 2, Giulia Poma 2, Noelia Caballero Casero 2, Celine Gys 2, Adrian Covaci 2, Sunggyu Lee 3, Jae-Eun Lim 3, Sori Mok 3, Hyo-Bang Moon 3, Gyuyeon Choi 4, Kyungho Choi 5 |
| Link |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001393512030769…
182회 연결
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1 School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2 Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium. 3 Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea. 4 College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 5 School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kyungho@snu.ac.kr. Abstract Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals is suggested to be responsible for the development or progression of uterine fibroids. However, little is known about risks related to emerging chemicals, such as organophosphate esters (OPEs) and alternative plasticizers (APs). A case-control study was conducted to investigate whether exposures to OPEs, APs, and phthalates, were associated with uterine fibroids in women of reproductive age. For this purpose, the cases (n = 32) and the matching controls (n = 79) were chosen based on the results of gynecologic ultrasonography among premenopausal adult women in Korea and measured for metabolites of several OPEs, APs, and major phthalates. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the associations between chemical exposure and disease status. Factor analysis was conducted for multiple chemical exposure assessments as a secondary analysis. Among OPE metabolites, diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), 2-ethylhexyl phenyl phosphate (EHPHP), and 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) were detected in >80% of the subjects. Among APs, metabolites of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) and di(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPrHpP) were detected in >75% of the urine samples. The odds ratios (ORs) of uterine fibroids were significantly higher among the women with higher exposures to tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), DPrHpP, and di-(iso-nonyl)-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH). In addition, urinary concentrations of mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), a sum of five di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (∑5DEHP), and mono(4-methyl-7-hydroxyoctyl) phthalate (OH-MINP) were significantly higher in the cases. In factor analysis, a factor heavily loaded with DPrHpP and DEHP was significantly associated with uterine fibroids, supporting the observation from the single chemical regression model. We found for the first time that several metabolites of OPEs and APs are associated with increased risks of uterine fibroids among pre-menopausal women. Further epidemiological and mechanistic studies are warranted to validate the associations observed in the present study. Keywords: Alternative plasticizers; Fibroids; Organophosphate esters; Phthalates; Pre-menopausal women. |
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