| Human exposure to legacy and emerging flame retardants in indoor dust: A multiple-exposure assessment of PBDEs | |
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| 년도 | 2020 |
| 날짜 | 2020 Jun |
| 페이지 / 학회지명 |
719, 137386 / Science of the Total Environment |
| 논문저자 | Hyun-Kyung Lee 1, Habyeong Kang 2, Sunggyu Lee 1, Sunmi Kim 2, Kyungho Choi 2, Hyo-Bang Moon 3 |
| Link |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004896972030896…
214회 연결
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1 Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea. 2 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. 3 Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hbmoon@hanyang.ac.kr. Abstract Human exposure to flame retardants (FRs) in indoor environments is a growing concern. In this study, the concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their alternatives, such as novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), dechlorane plus (DP), and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), were measured in dust from indoor environments in Korea to investigate their occurrence, contamination profiles, and health risks. Legacy and emerging FRs were detected in dust samples, indicating widespread contamination of indoor environments. The concentrations of alternative FRs were higher in dust from offices compared with house dust, suggesting that office environments are major consumers of alternative FRs. Similar compositional profiles for indoor dust were found for PBDEs in different microenvironments and regions, while OPFR composition varied widely due to disparate applications. The estimated daily intakes of PBDEs, NBFRs, and OPFRs via dust ingestion were lower than the reference doses proposed by previous studies. A multiple-exposure assessment showed that dust ingestion was a major contributor to total PBDEs for toddlers and adults. However, major exposure pathways of BDEs 47 and 209 differed between toddlers and adults. Our study suggests that multiple exposure pathways should be considered in a comprehensive exposure assessment of PBDEs. Keywords: DP; NBFR; OPFR; PBDE; Toddler. |
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