| Urinary levels of phthalates and DINCH metabolites in Korean and Thai pregnant women across three trimesters | |
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| 년도 | 2020 |
| 날짜 | 2020 Apr |
| 페이지 / 학회지명 |
711, 134822 / Science of the Total Environment |
| 논문저자 | Gowoon Lee 1, Sungmin Kim 2, Younglim Kho 3, Sunmi Kim 1, Seonyeong Lee 4, Gyuyeon Choi 5, Jiwon Park 6, Suwalee Worakhunpiset 7, Hyo-Bang Moon 8, Kamolnetr Okanurak 7, Malee Geounuppakul 9, Jirat Tangtitawong 10, Kasem Wetsutthanon 11, Daungprateep Trisu |
| Link |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004896971934814…
199회 연결
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1 School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2 Department of Health, Environment & Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; CentralBio Co., Ltd., Gimpo, Republic of Korea. 3 Department of Health, Environment & Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ylkho@eulji.ac.kr. 4 School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 6 Cheongdam Yeon & Nature Obestetrics & Gynecology, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 7 Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 8 Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea. 9 Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Bangkok, Thailand. 10 Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. 11 Metropolitan Health and Wellness Institution, Bangkok, Thailand. Abstract Phthalates are anti-androgenic chemicals and may cause long-lasting adverse effects on growing fetuses. Understanding their exposure profile during pregnancy, therefore, is of public health importance. Because both behavioral and physiological changes of pregnant women are expected to be substantial, the amount of phthalate exposure is expected to vary significantly over the course of pregnancy. Temporal trend of phthalate exposure during pregnancy, however, is largely unknown, especially in Asian women. The purpose of this study is to investigate the urinary concentrations of metabolites for major phthalates and alternative plasticizers over the course of pregnancy among Korean (n = 81) and Thai women (n = 102). Twenty-four metabolites from 15 plasticizers, such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dioctyl phthalate (DnOP), diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), and di-(iso-nonyl)-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), were measured in urine samples collected in each trimester from pregnant women. While the levels of several phthalate metabolites were significantly different by trimester among Korean women, those of Thai women were relatively consistent. Urinary metabolites of DEP and DnOP were higher in Thai pregnant women compared to Korean pregnant women. The detection frequencies of the DINCH metabolite were 67.4% and 44.9% among Korean and Thai pregnant women, respectively. However, the ratio of DINCH to DEHP metabolites was significantly higher in Thai women. According to risk assessment, 11.9% of Korean and 5.3% of Thai women were considered at risk due to phthalate exposure, and DEHP, DnBP and DiBP were identified as major risk drivers. Considering the vulnerability of growing fetuses, further studies are warranted to identify major sources of exposure to these plasticizers during pregnancy. Keywords: Alternative plasticizers; Phthalates; Pregnant women; Risk assessment; Trimester. |
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